The fourth episode delves into the pivotal events of October 1922, when Benito Mussolini ascended to power through a mix of theatrical bravado, political manipulation, and strategic opportunism. This chapter of Mussolini’s story focuses on the infamous March on Rome—not as a heroic revolution but as a carefully crafted bluff that capitalized on fear, uncertainty, and the indecision of Italy’s ruling elite.

Orchestrating the Illusion of Revolution

The episode opens with escalating violence between Fascist blackshirts and political opponents, setting a tense backdrop. Mussolini, however, is not simply pushing for an armed uprising; instead, he orchestrates an elaborate illusion. He assigns commanders to stage a “revolution,” instructing Fascist forces to converge around Rome in strategic locations like Santa Marinella, Mentana, and Tivoli. Yet, the central command is set up far from the action in Perugia—a decision that raises doubts among his closest allies.

De Vecchi, one of Mussolini’s commanders, questions the movement’s preparedness, citing inadequate weapons and poor organization. Mussolini brushes off these concerns, maintaining a facade of confidence while secretly preparing for failure. Behind the scenes, he plans to escape to Switzerland if the operation falters, packing his belongings and clothing for both defeat and triumph.

The Standoff with the Italian Government

The tension reaches a boiling point as some Fascist groups act prematurely, prompting the government to mobilize the army. Prime Minister Luigi Facta drafts a decree for a state of siege, which would authorize military action to suppress the Fascist forces. The key moment arrives when King Victor Emmanuel III must decide whether to sign the decree.

In a dramatic standoff, the King hesitates and ultimately refuses to approve the state of siege. His motivations remain ambiguous—whether out of fear of civil war, mistrust of the army’s loyalty, or a belief that Mussolini might stabilize Italy. This single decision hands power to Mussolini without a shot being fired, illustrating how institutional paralysis can pave the way for authoritarianism.

Mussolini’s Triumph

Mussolini capitalizes on the King’s indecision, securing his appointment as Prime Minister at just 39 years old, the youngest in the world at the time. The episode captures his satisfaction as he reflects on how his gamble paid off, transforming him from a mocked outsider to Italy’s new leader. His careful mix of bluff, manipulation, and psychological pressure has turned him into the embodiment of “the new,” a figure who defied the odds despite his modest background as a blacksmith’s son.

The Speech to Parliament

The episode’s climax is Mussolini’s first address to Parliament as Prime Minister. His speech combines threats with restrained bravado, as he claims he had 300,000 armed men ready to overthrow the government but chose instead to work within existing institutions—for now. Mussolini makes it clear that democracy in Italy survives only at his discretion, warning legislators to “try to be good.”

The moment is both chilling and transformative. As the Fascist salute echoes through the chamber—“Duce! Duce! Duce!”—it marks the beginning of Mussolini’s dictatorship and the end of Italy’s liberal democracy.

Themes of Manipulation and Betrayal

The episode underscores the role of manipulation and theatrics in Mussolini’s rise. His ability to project strength, exploit institutional weaknesses, and play on the fears of the ruling class allowed him to achieve power without a true revolution. At the same time, the narrative hints at the personal toll of his ambition.

Mussolini’s wife, Rachele, discovers his plan to abandon her and their children if the situation turned dire, straining their already fragile relationship. Within his ranks, some followers begin to recognize that they are mere pawns in his grand game, grappling with feelings of betrayal and disillusionment.

A Stark Warning

The episode leaves viewers with a powerful message about the fragility of democratic institutions. It shows how quickly a determined, opportunistic leader can subvert them when those in power fail to act decisively. Mussolini’s blend of theatricality, bluff, and ruthless calculation serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of underestimating charismatic leaders who exploit fear and uncertainty.

As the episode concludes, Mussolini stands as a man who not only transformed himself but also reshaped Italy, his shadow now looming over a nation caught in the throes of its most dramatic political shift.

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